Welcome to Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute’s detailed guide on head and neck cancers. In this comprehensive resource, we’ll explore everything you need to know about head and neck cancers, including types, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and more. Let’s delve into this vital information to increase awareness and understanding of these cancers.
1. What are Head and Neck Cancers?
Head and neck cancers refer to a group of cancers that develop in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and salivary glands. These cancers typically originate in the mucosal lining of these areas and can affect various structures involved in breathing, swallowing, speaking, and hearing.
2. Types of Head and Neck Cancers:
a. Oral Cavity Cancer: Cancer that develops in the lips, tongue, gums, inner lining of the cheeks, floor of the mouth, and hard palate.
b. Pharyngeal Cancer: Cancer that affects the throat, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx.
c. Laryngeal Cancer: Cancer that occurs in the larynx (voice box), which houses the vocal cords.
d. Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer: Cancer that forms in the air-filled spaces around the nose and nasal cavity.
e. Salivary Gland Cancer: Cancer that originates in the salivary glands, which produce saliva.
3. Causes and Risk Factors:
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Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes and heavy alcohol consumption are significant risk factors.
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Certain strains of HPV are associated with an increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer.
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Betel Nut and Gutka: Chewing betel quid, gutka, or other smokeless tobacco products.
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Occupational Exposures: Exposure to certain workplace chemicals, such as asbestos and nickel compounds.
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Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of lip cancer.
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Poor Oral Hygiene: Chronic irritation from poorly fitting dentures or chronic oral infections.
4. Signs and Symptoms:
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Persistent sore throat or hoarseness
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Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
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A lump or mass in the neck
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Ear pain or trouble hearing
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Chronic nasal congestion or sinus problems
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Changes in voice quality
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Pain or difficulty chewing or swallowing
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Persistent mouth ulcers or white or red patches in the mouth
5. Diagnosis:
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Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the head and neck by a healthcare professional.
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Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and X-rays to visualize the tumor and determine its size and extent
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Biopsy: Removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
6. Treatment Options:
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Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissues.
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Radiation Therapy: High-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors.
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Chemotherapy: Anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
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Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
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Immunotherapy: Drugs that boost the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
7. Prognosis and Survival Rates:
Prognosis and survival rates vary depending on the type and stage of cancer, overall health, and treatment received. Early detection and treatment offer the best chance of successful outcomes.
8. Prevention:
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Avoid Tobacco and Alcohol: Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
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Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brush and floss regularly, and visit your dentist for routine check-ups.
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Protect Against HPV: Practice safe sex and consider vaccination against HPV.
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Wear Protective Gear: Use protective equipment if working in environments with potential carcinogens.
Comprehensive Guide to Head and Neck Oncology at Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute (BIACH&RI)
Overview:
Head and neck oncology at BIACH&RI specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancers affecting the head and neck region. As India’s 2nd best cancer hospital, we are committed to providing world-class care, leveraging the latest advancements in medical technology and research. Our multidisciplinary team comprises highly skilled specialists, including head and neck surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, reconstructive surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and supportive staff, who collaboratively create personalized treatment plans.
Conditions Treated:
Our Head and Neck Oncology department deals with a wide range of cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, including but not limited to:
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Oral cavity cancer
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Oropharyngeal cancer
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Nasopharyngeal cancer
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Laryngeal cancer
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Hypopharyngeal cancer
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Paranasal sinus cancer
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Salivary gland tumors
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Thyroid cancer
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Skin cancer of the head and neck region
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Skull base tumors
Diagnostic Services:
Utilizing state-of-the-art tools and techniques, our skilled professionals accurately identify and stage head and neck cancers. Diagnostic services include:
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Physical examination
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Endoscopy
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Biopsy
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Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
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Imaging studies: X-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET-CT
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Blood tests and tumor markers
Treatment Modalities:
Our comprehensive range of treatment options ensures the best possible outcomes for patients. Treatment modalities include:
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Surgery: Excision, endoscopic surgery, laser surgery, robotic surgery
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Radiation therapy: External beam radiation, IMRT, SBRT, brachytherapy
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Chemotherapy
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Immunotherapy
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Targeted therapy
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Reconstructive surgery: Microvascular free tissue transfer, local and regional flaps, prosthetic rehabilitation
Supportive Care:
We understand the challenges faced by patients and their families. Our supportive care services aim to improve quality of life by addressing physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs, including:
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Nutritional counseling
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Pain management
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Speech and swallowing therapy
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Psychological counseling
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Rehabilitation services
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Palliative care
Conclusion:
Head and neck cancers can be challenging to diagnose and treat, but with early detection and comprehensive care, many patients can achieve successful outcomes. Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute is committed to providing state-of-the-art care for patients with head and neck cancers, offering personalized treatment plans tailored to each individual’s needs.
Stay informed, stay vigilant, and prioritize your health. If you have any concerns or notice any symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult with our expert team of oncologists and specialists.
For more information or to schedule a consultation, please visit our website or contact us today.
Contact at: 040 – 2355 1235 / 7729 800 800